Dog Ecology and Management in Niger State, Nigeria: A Basic Tool for Rabies Control
A. Garba *
Department of Diagnostic and Extension, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
A. A. Dzikwi
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
H. M. Kazeem
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
O. A. Makanju
Department of Diagnostic and Extension, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
F. O. Hambagba
Department of Diagnostic and Extension, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
N. O. Abduazeez
Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Katsina State, Nigeria
I. P. Ekeh_Chinedu
Department of Diagnostic and Extension, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
A. B. Tirmidhi
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
S. E. Hambolu
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
J. U. Umoh
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To examine the dog ecology and management as it relates to the control of rabies in Niger State, Nigeria.
Study Design: Questionnaire based survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Structured questionnaires on dog ecology and management were administered in Niger State of Nigeria between January and March 2012.
Methodology: Structured questionnaires on dog ecology and management comprising of 4 sections, were administered to 300 adult participants between the ages of 18-70 years using systematic randomization; 237 questionnaires were returned. Descriptive statistics using the SAS statistical package were employed to analyze the data.
Results: Results indicated that there was a population ratio of 1:5.4 dogs to humans and 1:1.9 female to male dog ratio with an estimated 732,476 dog population in Niger State. Most of the dogs (58.6%) in the state were kept for security reasons and that majority of the dogs strayed at night (52.4%) and evenings (23.8%) into homes across the state. About 52% of dogs were not confined and responsibility for dogs in terms of welfare, mostly (61.5%) lied on everybody in the family and 61% of dogs were fed on family left overs. About 30.4% of dogs were never vaccinated and 31% of the respondents (or their family members) have been inflicted with a dog bite, but only 28.1% of cases received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). For those humans that were bitten, about 13.8% resulted in death.
Conclusion: Due to free roaming and irregular vaccination of dogs in the state; there is bound to be increased dog bite cases/rabies spread. This study concludes that dogs were not catered for as expected in the state and that employment of dog ecological studies before any rabies control programmes, will explore necessary data for planning the programme in Niger State of Nigeria. Improvement and employment of dog ecological studies across states for rabies control programmes in Nigeria and W/Africa is hereby recommended.
Keywords: Dog ecology, dog management, rabies control, Niger State, Nigeria